Gender differences in brain and behavior: hormonal and neural bases

Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1999 Dec;64(4):655-64. doi: 10.1016/s0091-3057(99)00167-7.

Abstract

This article briefly discusses the difficulties in determining the brain-behavior relationship and reviews the literature on some potential mechanisms underlying gender differences in behavioral responses. Mechanisms that are discussed include genetic effects, organizational effects of gonadal hormones, genomic actions of steroids, nongenomic effects of steroids, and environmental influences. The review is an introduction to the articles presented in this special volume on gender differences in brain and behavior.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Behavior / physiology*
  • Brain / physiology*
  • Environment
  • Female
  • Hormones / physiology*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Sex Characteristics*
  • Steroids / physiology

Substances

  • Hormones
  • Steroids