In schizophrenia syndrome-related recognition memory impairments have been demonstrated to be dependent on hemispheric specialisation--word deficits (left hemisphere) in a Withdrawn syndrome and face deficits (right hemisphere) in an Active syndrome. Deficits were largely absent in recovered patients. Here the in state/trait nature was examined through longitudinal investigation of 33 patients. In 19 patients who were tested when psychotic and when symptoms remitted (with order randomised) memory improved with recovery, particularly word memory in Withdrawn patients and face memory in Active patients. In patients who presented with different syndromes on separate admissions there was evidence that cognitive asymmetry patterns reversed with syndrome changes. In nine patients in whom the retest reliability of syndrome-asymmetry relations was examined across repeat admissions or periods or recovery, the asymmetries were stable. In sum, further evidence was disclosed of reliable associations between left vs. right preferential hemispheric impairment and syndromes based on activity vs. withdrawal. Acknowledgement of the importance of this individual difference may assist in elucidating heterogeneity of cognitive function in schizophrenia. Reversals of asymmetry support a functional component to recognition memory deficits in schizophrenia with possible relevance to the recovery process.