The effects of hydrogen ions on the growth and ultrastructure of Chlamydomonas applanata Pringsheim were examined. This species exhibits wide tolerance growing at pH values ranging from 3.4 to 8.4, with optimum growth obtained at 7.4. Growth is noticeably depressed at pH 4.4 and 3.4. At the ultrastructural level, exposure to pH 4.4 results in a 10% decrease in cell volume of single vegetative cells, an increase in pyrenoidal volume, and reduction of starch reserves. Palmelloid colonies also appear. pH 3.4 induces excessive production of mucilage and leads to the preponderance of palmelloid colonies. Cell death of both colony and single cells is seen, as well as loss of motility and abnormal cell division. Surviving single cells are significantly larger than controls, with thicker cell walls, smaller chloroplasts, and larger vacuome. Such cells entering dormancy ensure the survival of the species in times of stress.