Pretransfusion testing without serologic crossmatch: approaches to ensure patient safety

Vox Sang. 2000;78(2):113-8. doi: 10.1159/000031160.

Abstract

Background and objectives: A crossmatch is usual in pretransfusion testing, but we eliminated it at our tertiary care university hospital. In place of the crossmatch, we have introduced a system where, if an antibody screen is negative, two technologists confirm the ABO of the same patient sample, and we release blood of the patient's type without a serologic or electronic crossmatch.

Materials and methods: In 65,628 samples received for pretransfusion testing, we studied the effect of common errors that occur from the time of receipt of a sample until release of the blood unit, in order to decide if elimination of the serologic crossmatch would affect patient safety. All sample labels were inspected for acceptability.

Results: A total of 1,082 (1.64%) samples were rejected for mislabeling. Discordance in patient ABO typing results between two technologists was 0.43%. Such discrepancies were resolved before the release of blood units. No donor unit mislabeling or unit release errors were detected.

Conclusion: Elimination of the crossmatch for red cell antibody-negative patients is safe provided a system of error detection is used. This enhances patient care through the quicker release of blood, increased laboratory efficiency and decreased costs.

MeSH terms

  • ABO Blood-Group System
  • Blood Grouping and Crossmatching* / methods
  • Blood Transfusion / methods*
  • Blood Transfusion / standards*
  • Fever / etiology
  • Hemolysis / immunology
  • Humans
  • Hypersensitivity / etiology
  • Incidence
  • Isoantibodies / blood
  • Mass Screening
  • Rh-Hr Blood-Group System
  • Safety
  • Transfusion Reaction

Substances

  • ABO Blood-Group System
  • Isoantibodies
  • Rh-Hr Blood-Group System