Nephropathia epidemica due to Puumala virus has already been described in Belgium. Its evolution is usually favourable. The main symptoms are fever, a decrease platelet count, proteinuria and acute renal insufficiency, which, in an epidemiological context, quickly point the correct diagnosis. Acute and transitory myopia is typical. Nevertheless, the clinical presentation, including multisystemic symptoms may lead to the false diagnosis of an acute bacterial or immune disease.