The abundant supply of recombinant growth hormone has raised interesting possibilities of several new applications. While supplementation of the missing hormone in patients with growth hormone deficiency is still the undisputed primary indication for its use, there is now convincing evidence of its usefulness in the therapy of short stature due to Turner syndrome and pre-transplant chronic renal failure in childhood. Numerous studies on patients with other causes of short stature have failed to show any significant benefit in final adult height. Social pressures notwithstanding, it is still premature to advocate the use of this expensive therapy for indications other than the three stated above especially since our understanding of potential long-term complications from such treatment is far from complete.