In 582 burned children, neutralization of gastric acid and reduction of psychic stress were utilized to reduce upper gastrointestinal ulceration and hemorrhage. While receiving milk, diazepam, and psychologic support, two children required operation. Two of the children who died without clinically apparent gastrointestinal disease had ulcers discovered at autopsy. We conclude that a prophylactic regimen that reduced the amount of acid bathing the gastroduodenal mucosa, provides adequate calories, and minimizes psychic stress is useful in preventing gastrointestinal hemorrhage after burns.