Computer instruction for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), using a case-simulation program, was evaluated for its teaching effectiveness. First-month anesthesia residents, divided into two groups, A and B, underwent a cognitive evaluation on their 1st day of arrival and again on their 5th day. Both groups were provided with clear educational objectives and reading materials, a tutor was assigned to each student to answer specific questions. Students in group A, also given computer-assisted instruction (CAI), showed a significantly higher learning than those in group B, who served as controls. That CAI was a highly motivational form of learning was established by later voluntary participation in CAI of all group B students.