Background and objectives: Although most attention has been paid to viral infections as a complication of transfusion, some parasitic infections are readily transmissible and generate a heavy burden of disease, particularly in the developing world. Additionally, bacterial infection as a result of transfusion is the most frequent serious outcome of transfusion in the developed world.
Materials and methods: Review of current literature and ongoing research studies.
Results: Malaria and Chagas' disease continue to be a serious problem in endemic areas, but are also of concern as a result of their introduction into other regions. Means to control or detect bacterial contamination, particularly of platelet concentrates, are needed, but no simple, effective approach is available.
Conclusion: Continued development and implementation of tests and of inactivation procedures will result in the eventual control of transfusion-transmitted parasitic and bacterial disease.