Subjects high and low on chronic stress (daily hassles) were engaged in a short-term memory-scanning task with (n = 12) or without (n = 12) an active listening task. Blood pressure and heart rate were obtained before and during the experiment. Subjects with high stress were slower in short-term memory processing, had higher systolic blood pressure and heart rate (at baseline and during task performance), and reported more health complaints than those low in stress. The processing efficiency theory may predict slower memory scanning in subjects with high chronic stress, as part of these subjects' working memory capacity is taken up by more worries than that of the other subjects. Speed of short-term memory was even lower for subjects with high stress when performing the memory task in the active listening condition.