Hypertension, a health problem of epidemic proportions, has not been controlled successfully. Screening efforts are increasing the detection of cases, and current emphasis on treatment rather than detailed evaluation is increasing the incidence of control of hypertension. Patient compliance is crucial, however, because all of the currently available treatments require daily taking of pills by patients who commonly do not understand their disease or the need for treatment. Efforts at increased public education and improved doctor-patient relationships are important if the epidemic is to be overcome. This paper reviews diagnosis, evaluation, treatment, public education, and patient compliance.