Objective: To assess the effects of negative energy balance on the metabolic response of a meal containing either glucose or fructose as the primary source of carbohydrate after exercise in obese individuals in energy balance, or negative energy balance.
Research methods and procedures: Fourteen adults with mean body mass index (BMI) 30.3 +/- 1 kg/m2, age 26 +/- 2 years, and weight 93.5 +/- 5.4 kg, adhered to an energy-balanced (EB) or a negative energy-balanced (NEB) diet for 6 days. On Day 7, subjects exercised at 70% VO2peak for 40 minutes then consumed either high glucose (50 g of glucose, HG) or high fructose (50 g of fructose, HF) liquid meal. Substrate utilization was measured by indirect calorimetry for 3 hours. Blood samples were collected before exercise and 0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes after consuming the meal.
Results: The HG produced 15.9% greater glycemic (p < 0.05) and 30.9% larger insulinemic (p < 0.05) responses than the HF under both EB and NEB conditions. After the NEB diet, carbohydrate and fat oxidation did not differ for HG and HF. In contrast, carbohydrate oxidation increased 31%, and fat oxidation decreased 39% with HF compared with HG after the EB diet. Thus, HF and HG consumed after exercise produced marked differences in macronutrient oxidation when obese subjects followed an EB diet, but no difference when adhering to a NEB diet.
Discussion: The data suggest that the use of fructose in supplements/meals may provide no additional benefit in terms of substrate utilization during a weight loss program involving diet and exercise.