The lateral olfactory tract (LOT) of the ferret has been shown to project to most of the pyriform lobe, as in the cat. Only a small medio-posterior region of the pyriform cortex (the angular cortex), which has a distinctly different appearance in Nissl stained sections, proves to be devoid of olfactory connections. Despite the fact that sub-areas can be recognized within olfactory cortex, there is an underlying constancy in design throughout. Latency measurements indicate that fine collateral branches of theLOT reach the posterior olfactory cortex, whereas mainly larger diameter (faster conducting) fibres comprise the contribution to anterior olfactory cortex. Thus in the present context it is sufficient to recognise just an anterior and posterior subdivisionof olfactory cortex, contingent on the above criterion and correlated with cytoarchitectural features, chiefly variations in cortical layers II and III of the regions concerned. Pyriform cortex directly in receipt of LOT fibres, and associated deeper cortical zones, generated potentials in the olfactory bulbs which can only be attributed to centrifugal input, thus further substantiating an olfactory role for this cortex. In addition, non-cortical regions in receipt of LOT fibres, namely the anterior olfactory nucleus, olfactory tubercle, cortical amygdaloid nucleus and nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, also contribute centrifugal input to the bulbs. All these regions are thereby capable of providing a rather direct feedback on olfactory bulb activity. The exact pathways concerned have yet to be determined.