The case history of Peucedanum carvifolia Vill. and Selinum carvifolia L. (Apiaceae/Umbelliferae) is on one hand the occasion for a first attempt of a historical review of H.J.N. Crantz's (1722-1797) publications on the Umbelliferae, and on the other hand the opportunity for a discussion of the taxonomical and nomenclatural peculiarities of both species.