Cytokeratin staining in Merkel cell carcinoma: an immunohistochemical study of cytokeratins 5/6, 7, 17, and 20

Abstract

Merkel cell carcinoma is an aggressive cutaneous neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation that carries a poor prognosis. Its homogeneous morphology is easily confused with lymphoma, leukemia, metastatic small cell carcinoma, and poorly differentiated cutaneous malignancies. Histopathologic diagnosis frequently requires support by immunohistochemistry. The authors investigated cytokeratins (CKs) 5/6, 7, 17, and 20 staining in paraffin sections of 26 Merkel cell carcinomas to expand the knowledge of the CK staining profile of this entity. Reactivity with anti-CK 20 was demonstrated in 23 of 26 Merkel cell carcinomas (88%). All three CK 20-negative tumors showed punctate staining with anti-keratin CAM5.2. Six of 26 tumors (23%) were positive for CK 7, a finding not previously reported. The staining patterns for both CKs 20 and 7 ranged from punctate (perinuclear) to localized (confined to half of the cytoplasm) to diffuse. Punctate CK 20 staining was seen in 17 of 26 cases but was the predominant pattern in only 10 cases. Antibodies to CKs 5/6 and 17 were each negative in the 13 cases for which these stains were performed. Both the positive and negative elements of the CK profile of this distinctive neoplasm provide additional useful diagnostic information for the differential diagnosis between Merkel cell carcinoma and other carcinomas that may simulate it. The authors note that the classically described perinuclear dotlike keratin staining pattern is not universally seen with CK 20 and that CK 7 staining may be seen in a subset of Merkel cell carcinomas.