Efficacy of three insect repellents against the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis

Med Vet Entomol. 2000 Dec;14(4):441-4. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2915.2000.00261.x.

Abstract

Three commercial repellents marketed in South Africa: Bio-Skincare (BSC, oils of coconut, jojoba, rapeseed and vitamin E), Mosiguard towelletes with 0.574 g quwenling (p-menthane-3,8-diol, PMD) and the standard deet (15% diethyl-3-methylbenzamide, Tabard lotion), were compared against a laboratory colony of the mosquito Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae), the predominant malaria vector in South Africa. Human forearms were treated with 1.2 g BSC, 0.8 g PMD towelette or 0.5 g deet and exposed to 200 hungry An. arabiensis females for 1 min, at intervals of 1-6 h post-treatment. Tests were conducted by three adult male volunteers (aged 30-45 years, crossover controlled test design for 3 consecutive days), using their left arm for treatment and right arm for untreated control. Biting rates averaged 39-52 bites/min on untreated arms. All three repellents provided complete protection against An. arabiensis for up to 3-4 h post-application; deet and PMD gave 90-100% protection up to 5-6h, but BSC declined to only 52% protection 6h post-treatment. These results are interpreted to show that all three repellent products give satisfactory levels of personal protection against An. arabiensis for 4-5 h, justifying further evaluation in the field.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial
  • Comparative Study
  • Controlled Clinical Trial

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Animals
  • Anopheles / physiology*
  • Cross-Over Studies
  • DEET / administration & dosage
  • Female
  • Forearm
  • Humans
  • Insect Bites and Stings / prevention & control*
  • Insect Repellents / administration & dosage*
  • Insect Vectors / physiology*
  • Malaria / transmission*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Plant Oils / administration & dosage
  • South Africa
  • Terpenes / administration & dosage

Substances

  • Insect Repellents
  • Plant Oils
  • Terpenes
  • DEET