This article is a bibliographic review concerning the scientific advances in nervous tissue transplantation in experimental animals and in humans as applied to neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Parkinson's disease. Data show the possibility that the transplantation of nervous tissue may alleviate the typical symptoms of some of these diseases. Since the first trials in 1890, there has been a remarkable progress in this field, encouraging the idea that nervous tissue transplantation may be considered in clinical practice.