Background: The aim of this 5-year follow-up study was to clinically and radiographically evaluate the long-term results after guided tissue regeneration (GTR) therapy of Class II furcation defects using non-resorbable and bioabsorbable barriers.
Methods: Nine pairs of contralateral Class II furcation defects were treated in 9 patients with advanced periodontitis. Within each patient, one defect received a non-resorbable (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene [ePTFE]; control, C) barrier and the other a bioabsorbable (polyglactin 910; test, T) barrier by random assignment. At baseline, 6, and 60 +/- 3 months after surgery, clinical parameters and standardized radiographs were obtained. Gain of bone density within furcation areas was assessed using subtraction radiography.
Results: Six and 60 months after GTR therapy, statistically significant (P <0.05) horizontal attachment (CAL-H) gain was observed in both groups (C6: 1.7 +/- 0.8 mm; C60: 1.6 +/- 1.2 mm; T6: 2.0 +/- 0.7 mm; T60: 2.2 +/- 0.9 mm). However, 1 furcation assessed as Class I six months after GTR therapy with a bioabsorbable barrier had progressed to Class III after 5 years, and in another patient, 5 years after placement of an ePTFE barrier, 1 furcation had lost all the CAL-H gain that had been observed at 6 months. Subtraction analysis revealed similar area gain in both groups 6 and 60 months postsurgically (C6: 0.3 +/- 0.5; C60 1.0 +/- 1.7; T6: 0.4 +/- 0.4; T60: 1.1 +/- 1.7).
Conclusions: CAL-H gain achieved after GTR therapy in Class II furcations was stable after 5 years in 16 of 18 defects. The study failed to show a statistically significant difference in stability of CAL-H gain between control and test groups 5 years after GTR therapy.