The authors report two pediatric cases of transient mutism that occurred after surgical removal of a medulloblastoma and a pilocytic astrocytoma of the vermis and discuss the pathophysiology of this syndrome. Transient mutism has been described for the first time quite recently, even in cases where these tumors were also surgically removed before. Perhaps improvement in imaging and in surgical techniques made neurosurgeons more daring and some interventions that were judged impossible are routinely performed today. If this is the case, postoperative transient cerebellar mutism might be considered the price that must be paid in order to cure more patients with cerebellar tumors.