The internal jugular vein thrombosis is a rare and critical disease. The infection of the head and neck deep spaces it is not the main cause since the antibiotic era. The ENT neoplasms and iatrogenic etiology are more frequent. Anodyne symptoms and vital complications are important to obtain an early diagnose and therapy, to improve the prognosis. The objective of this review is to obtain a certainly therapeutic criteria in the approach to this entity.