T-lymphocytes expressing the gamma delta T-cell receptor (TCR) comprise a small proportion (1-5%) of circulating CD3(+) T-lymphocytes. While T-cells expressing a V delta 2V gamma 9-encoded TCR dominate among peripheral blood gamma delta T-lymphocytes in healthy individuals, significant alterations in the gamma delta TCR repertoire are observed in HIV-infected persons. These changes are due to the selective preservation (and frequently moderate expansion) of V delta 1-expressing cells and the simultaneous depletion of V delta 2-expressing cells. In this brief review, we discuss the alterations in the gamma delta T-lymphocyte compartment in HIV infection, with special emphasis on the potential role of gamma delta T-cell in the immune defense against HIV.