Cdc25-dependent activation of cyclin A/cdk2 is blocked in G2 phase arrested cells independently of ATM/ATR

Oncogene. 2001 Feb 22;20(8):921-32. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1204177.

Abstract

Cyclin A/cdk2 is active during S and G2 phases of the cell cycle, but its regulation and function during G2 phase is poorly understood. In this study we have examined the regulation of cyclin A/cdk2 activity during normal G2 phase progression and in genotoxin-induced G2 arrest. We show that cyclin A/cdk2 is activated in early G2 phase by a cdc25 activity. In the G2 phase checkpoint arrest initiated in response to various forms of DNA damage, the cdc25-dependent activation of both cyclin A/cdk2 and cyclin B1/cdc2 is blocked. Ectopic expression of cdc25B, but not cdc25C, in G2 phase arrested cells efficiently activated both cyclin A/cdk2 and cyclin B1/cdc2. Finally, we demonstrate that the block in cyclin A/cdk2 activation in the G2 checkpoint arrest is independent of ATM/ATR. We speculate that the ATM/ATR-independent block in G2 phase cyclin A/cdk2 activation may act as a further layer of checkpoint control, and that blocking G2 phase cyclin A/cdk2 activation contributes to the G2 phase checkpoint arrest.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins
  • CDC2-CDC28 Kinases*
  • Caffeine / pharmacology
  • Cell Cycle Proteins*
  • Cyclin A / metabolism*
  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2
  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / metabolism*
  • DNA Damage
  • DNA-Binding Proteins
  • Enzyme Activation
  • Etoposide / pharmacology
  • G2 Phase / physiology*
  • Humans
  • Mutagens / pharmacology
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / metabolism*
  • Tumor Cells, Cultured
  • Tumor Suppressor Proteins
  • cdc25 Phosphatases / metabolism*

Substances

  • Cell Cycle Proteins
  • Cyclin A
  • DNA-Binding Proteins
  • Mutagens
  • Tumor Suppressor Proteins
  • Caffeine
  • Etoposide
  • ATM protein, human
  • ATR protein, human
  • Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
  • CDC2-CDC28 Kinases
  • CDK2 protein, human
  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2
  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinases
  • cdc25 Phosphatases