AIDS: Dozens of needle-exchange programs across the country have concluded that needle-exchange programs work, thus leading to the endorsement by the National Academy of Sciences, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the General Accounting Office. It is believed that 10,000 lives could have been saved if needle-exchange programs had been aggressively expanded. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has also endorsed needle-exchange programs, indicating that such programs have contributed to a 30 percent or greater reduction in HIV incidence among injection drug users. NIH also states that these programs have not resulted in increased drug use, and can increase the likelihood of users entering drug treatment. While the Department of Health and Human Services acknowledges these benefits, it has yet to remove the ban on federally funding such programs.