Monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) deposition diseases are characterized by deposition in tissues of excessive amounts of the Ig, compromising organ functions. Light chain deposition disease (LCDD) and AL amyloidosis are the commonest [Buxbaum 1992]. LCDD is usually characterized by rapidly progressive renal failure with glomerular and tubular deposits of Ig fragments mostly composed by kappa light chain. Monoclonal Ig production can also be observed associated with various symptoms, that, taken together, have been described as the Crow-Fukase syndrome or POEMS syndrome. It associates polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal Ig, and skin changes. In POEMS syndrome, renal abnormalities are rare and are reported as a moderate renal insufficiency with mild proteinuria or acute functional renal insufficiency leading in some cases to end-stage renal failure [Fukatsu et al. 1991]. Although a monoclonal Ig is produced, no Ig deposit disease had been described in POEMS syndrome except a case of AL amyloidosis [Toyokuni et al. 1992]. Here, to our knowledge, we report the first case of an LCDD associated with a POEMS syndrome. Although an autologous bone marrow graft was realized, the monoclonal component reappeared and was responsible for end-stage renal disease, cachexia and death.