Background: The goals of this study were to assess the feasibility and toxicity of a regimen of preoperative chemoradiotherapy, surgery, and intraoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of patients with potentially resectable gastric cancer. A secondary objective was to assess pathologic response to chemoradiotherapy in the treated tumors.
Methods: Twenty-four patients were entered in the protocol. Treatment regimen consisted of 45 Gy of external beam radiotherapy with concurrent 5-FU given as a continuous infusion at a dose of 300 mg/m2. Patients were restaged 4-6 weeks after chemoradiotherapy and then underwent surgical resection and intraoperative radiotherapy to a dose of 10 Gy.
Results: Twenty-three patients (96%) completed chemoradiotherapy in accordance with the study protocol. Nineteen (83%) of 23 patients who completed chemoradiotherapy underwent surgical resection with D2 lymphadenectomy. Four patients (17%) had progressive disease and were not resected. The morbidity and mortality rates were 32% and 5%, respectively. Of the resected patients, two (11%) had complete pathologic responses while 12 (63%) had pathologic evidence of significant treatment effect.
Conclusions: Preoperative chemoradiotherapy for gastric cancer can be delivered safely and is well tolerated. The rate of surgical complications is consistent with that of other recently reported prospective trials of gastrectomy alone. Preoperative chemoradiotherapy resulted in significant pathologic responses in the majority of treated tumors, and complete pathologic responses were achieved in some patients.