Abstract
The development of resistance is the main threat to the long-term use of toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) in transgenic plants. Here we report the cloning of a Bt toxin resistance gene, Caenorhabditis elegans bre-5, which encodes a putative beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase. Lack of bre-5 in the intestine led to resistance to the Bt toxin Cry5B. Wild-type but not bre-5 mutant animals were found to uptake toxin into their gut cells, consistent with bre-5 mutants lacking toxin-binding sites on their apical gut. bre-5 mutants displayed resistance to Cry14A, a Bt toxin lethal to both nematodes and insects; this indicates that resistance by loss of carbohydrate modification is relevant to multiple Bt toxins.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MeSH terms
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Amino Acid Sequence
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Animals
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Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins
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Bacterial Proteins / metabolism
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Bacterial Proteins / toxicity*
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Bacterial Toxins*
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Biological Transport
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Caenorhabditis elegans / enzymology
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Caenorhabditis elegans / genetics*
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Caenorhabditis elegans / metabolism
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Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins*
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Cloning, Molecular
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Digestive System / enzymology
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Digestive System / metabolism
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Disorders of Sex Development
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Drug Resistance / genetics
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Endocytosis
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Endotoxins / metabolism
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Endotoxins / toxicity*
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Feeding Behavior
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Galactosyltransferases / chemistry
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Galactosyltransferases / genetics*
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Galactosyltransferases / metabolism*
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Genes, Helminth
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Hemolysin Proteins
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Insect Proteins*
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Molecular Sequence Data
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Mosaicism
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Mutation
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Pest Control, Biological*
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Receptors, Cell Surface / metabolism
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Transformation, Genetic
Substances
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Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins
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Bacterial Proteins
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Bacterial Toxins
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Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins
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Cry toxin receptors
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Endotoxins
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Hemolysin Proteins
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Insect Proteins
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Receptors, Cell Surface
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insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis
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BRE-5 protein, C elegans
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Galactosyltransferases