A total of 119 Chernobyl liquidators with dystrophic changes in the retina were examined. Primary sclerotic maculodystrophy was diagnosed in 87 (73.1%, 174 eyes), bilateral peripheral chorioretinal degeneration in 40 (33.6%, 80 eyes), and hypertensive retinopathy in 12 patients (10.1%, 24 eyes). Twenty (16.8%) patients (40 eyes) presented with combined diseases (maculodystrophy and peripheral chorioretinal degeneration, maculodystrophy and retinopathy). Central "dry" forms of retinal involvement predominated, affecting mainly central visual acuity and electrophysiological parameters. Disordered immunological reactivity and activation of autoimmune and immunocomplex reactions play an important role in the pathogenesis of these changes.