Background: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the patterns of nm23 expression in stage IB1 squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, to compare nm23 expression with clinicopathological findings and to assess its prognostic value.
Methods: Twenty-seven patients with stage IB1 squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix underwent abdominal radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. Expression of nm23 was studied immunohistochemically, followed by amplification and direct sequencing of exons 4 and 5 of the nm23 gene.
Results: Overexpression of nm23 was detected in 18.5% of the tumors and low expression was seen in 33.3%, while negative expression was found in 48.1% of the tumors. Deep cervical stromal invasion (> or =1/2) was found to be associated with the increased risk of lymph node metastases (odds ratio = 17.5). A significantly lower percentage of patients survived when nm23 overexpression was observed (p = 0.0063). Univariate analysis revealed that tumor size (2-3.9 cm), lymph node metastasis, tumor invasion into parametria, tumor invasion into blood/lymph vessel, squamous cell carcinoma (> or =2 ng/ml) and nm23 overexpression had a significantly lower recurrence-free survival rate of the patients. None of the above factors was significant according to multivariate analysis. There were no mutations in exons 4 and 5 of the nm23 gene in stage IB1 squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.
Conclusions: This study suggests that expression of nm23 may be indicative of an unfavorable prognosis in patients with stage IB1 squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.