To assess the frequency of shedding of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in saliva, the distribution of CMV glycoprotein B (gB) genotypes, and the occurrence of CMV diseases, we screened 98 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive patients without CMV disease. CMV was detected by culture more frequently in saliva (45 [46%] of 98 patients) than in blood (7 [7.5%] of 93) and was associated with CD4 cell counts <100 cells/mm3 (P=.013). CMV in the saliva of 37 patients was successfully genotyped. Three patients (8%) were infected by a gB1 strain, 26 (70%) by a gB2 strain, 2 (5.5%) by a gB3 strain, 1 (3%) by a gB4 strain, and 5 (13.5%) by mixed gB strains. Thirteen patients developed CMV disease after a mean period of 143+/-112 days; at inclusion, 9 (69%) had salivary CMV shedding and 2 had CMV viremia. CMV salivary shedding (P=.043), low CD4+ cell count (P=.041), and CMV viremia (P=.011) were associated with occurrence of CMV disease.