This report reviews the pharmacology, toxicity and abuse pattern of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB). The legislative changes pertaining to this substance are also addressed. Examples of abuse, driving under the influence and fatal intoxication are given. It is concluded that GHB is widely abused, particularly among the younger generation, and that further cases of severe intoxication are likely to occur as long as the substance is easily available from countless sources, including via the Internet. Despite the classification of GHB as a narcotic in Sweden and several other countries, continued problems are expected since the precursors gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) and 1,4-butanediol (BD) are widely--and legally--available.