Sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) implants were recently introduced to reduce the healing period between surgery and prosthesis. In this split-mouth study, SLA implants were compared to titanium plasma-sprayed (TPS) implants under loaded conditions one year after placement in 32 healthy patients, with comparable bilateral edentulous sites and no discrepancies in the opposing dentition. The surgical procedure was performed by the same operator and was identical at 68 SLA (test) and 68 TPS (control) sites. Tapping was never performed and primary stability was always achieved. Abutment connection was carried out at 35 Ncm 6 weeks postsurgery for test sites and 12 weeks for the controls, by the same dentist blind to the type of surface of the implant. In 4 of the 68 test sites the implant rotated slightly, patients reported minor pain and connection was not completed. Provisional restoration was fabricated and a new tightening was performed after six weeks. Similar gold-ceramic restorations were cemented on the same type of solid abutments on both sites. No implant was lost. Clinical measures and radiographic changes were recorded by the same operator, blind to the type of surface of the implant, 1 year post surgery. No significant differences were found with respect to presence of plaque (24% vs. 27%), bleeding on probing (24% vs. 31%), mean pocket depth (3.3 mm vs. 2.9 mm) or mean marginal bone loss (0.65 mm vs. 0.77 mm). The results suggest that SLA implants are suitable for early loading at 6 weeks. Limited implant spinning may occasionally be found but, if properly handled, it produces no detrimental effect on the clinical outcome.