The efferent connections of the main and accessory olfactory bulbs in the female albino rabbit have been studied using the autoradiographic method for tracing axonal pathways. Following unilateral injections of 3H-proline or 3H-leucine into the main olfactory bulb, radioactively labeled material transported intraaxonally by axoplasmic flow in an anterograde direction from soma to axon terminal is present ipsilaterally in the superficial half of the plexiform layer (IA) of: the entire circumference of the olfactory peduncle, the tenia tecta, the full mediolateral extent of the olfactory tubercle, the entire length of the prepyriform cortex, a transition area between the prepyriform cortex and the horizontal limb of the nucleus of the diagonal band, the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, the anterior cortical and posterolateral cortical amygdaloid nuclei (periamygdaloid areas 1, rostral half of 2, 5 of Rose, '31), and the ventrolateral entorhinal cortex (entorhinal areas 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 of Rose, '31). No subcortical or contralateral projection of main bulb efferents was found. After a unilateral injection of 3H-leucine into the accessory olfactory bulb, transported material could be followed caudally along the dorsal surface of the ipsilateral lateral olfactory tract. This heavily labeled projection is distinct from the unlabeled lateral olfactory tract and has been termed the accessory olfactory tract. Beginning at the level of the caudal third of the olfactory tubercle and extending caudally to the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract is a group of small neurons intimately associated with the accessory olfactory tract. This cell group is referred to as the bed nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract. Projection sites of the accessory bulb include the bed nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract and layer IA of the medial nucleus and the posteromedial cortical nucleus of the amygdala (periamygdaloid areas 3, 4, PAM, caudal half of 2, 6 of Rose, '31). An additional accessory bulb efferent projection was found to enter the stria terminalis at the level of the medial amygdaloid nucleus and could be traced to a posterior segment of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. The autoradiographic findings indicate that the accessory olfactory bulb connects with portions of the amygdala that do not receive afferent input from the main olfactory bulb and provide evidence for the existence of two distinct and separate olfactory systems.