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Review
. 2002 Feb 5;99(3):1107-9.
doi: 10.1073/pnas.042707999.

Antigen-presenting cells control T cell proliferation by regulating amino acid availability

Aimee L Edinger  1 , Craig B Thompson
Affiliations
Review

Antigen-presenting cells control T cell proliferation by regulating amino acid availability

Aimee L Edinger et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. .
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Antigen-presenting cells increase extracellular cysteine levels thereby allowing the proliferation of activated T cells. Most of the cysteine (cys-SH) equivalents in the extracellular space exist as the oxidized form, cystine (cys-S-S-cys). T cells are unable to take up cystine and depend on antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages to supply them with cysteine. Antigen-presenting cells take up cystine from the extracellular space by using the system xformula image transporter, convert cystine to cysteine intracellularly, and release cysteine into the extracellular space where it is available to T cells. In addition, dendritic cells secrete thioredoxin, which can convert extracellular cystine to cysteine.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Antigen-presenting cells limit T cell proliferation by degrading tryptophan. Macrophages that have been cultivated in the presence of M-CSF can suppress the proliferation of activated T cells. This inhibition results from the tryptophan-degrading activity of the intracellular enzyme IDO. T cells are thus limited for tryptophan, and proliferation is blocked in the G1 stage of the cell cycle.
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