Malignant melanoma is one of the few malignancies that regularly affect women during their childbearing years. Additionally, the incidence of melanoma has been increasing over the last several decades. Early diagnosis of stage I disease may lead to curative therapy; thus it is important for physicians and midwives to do a full examination of the skin. However, the myth that nevi may naturally grow or change during pregnancy has been shown not to be true and should not delay a diagnostic evaluation of a suspicious nevus. Older studies had theorized a worse outcome for pregnant women with melanoma. However, multiple controlled series and investigations have found that stage for stage this cancer is not affected adversely by pregnancy. Prognosis, recurrence, and incidence of melanoma seemed to be unaffected. Estrogen-containing oral contraceptives, as well as hormone replacement therapy, have no adverse affect on the disease.