Purpose: To investigate the informative value of EEG and cranial magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) in the prognosis of infantile spasms (ISs); 86 patients with ISs were included in this study.
Methods: All cases had epileptic spasms, psychomotor retardation, and hypsarrhythmia in at least one of their EEGs. cMRIs and laboratory tests necessary for etiologic diagnosis were completed in all cases. Patients were followed up periodically both clinically and by video-EEGs for >1 year. Clinical information was categorized on the basis of four spheres as epilepsy, psychosocial development, motor development, and overall clinical condition, with each category being evaluated under three levels of involvement as good, moderate, and severe, depending on selected parameters. A similar scale was applied for the EEG results and for the cMRI findings. Clinical parameters were correlated to EEG and cMRI results, by Spearman test. Other statistical tests used were Kruskal-Wallis chi(2) and Mann-Whitney U analysis as multiple comparison by post hoc Bonferroni correction.
Results: A severe overall clinical course was observed in 64% of patients, whereas this incidence was 58% and 44% in the EEG follow-up and cMRI parameters, respectively. In regard to prognosis, a significant correlation was determined between the clinical and the EEG course. This relation was the most prominent in psychosocial developmental parameters and least prominent in the motor development. cMRI findings, however, were correlated only with motor development.
Conclusions: cMRI and repeated EEG recordings, especially when assessed together, may provide complementary information regarding the prognosis in ISs.