Abstract
Teratogenic causes of holoprosencephaly are critically assessed. A brief general review of holoprosencephaly is followed by four tables summarizing etiologic factors. Subjects evaluated here include: 1) maternal diabetes; 2) ethyl alcohol; 3) retinoic acid; 4) mutated genes and teratogens involving the sonic hedgehog signaling network and cholesterol biosynthesis; and 5) cholesterol trafficking, sterol adducts, target tissue response, and sterol sensing domain.
Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
MeSH terms
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Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / etiology*
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Animals
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Cholesterol / biosynthesis
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Female
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Hedgehog Proteins
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Holoprosencephaly / etiology*
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Holoprosencephaly / genetics
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Holoprosencephaly / metabolism
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Humans
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Maternal Exposure / adverse effects
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Mutation
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Pregnancy
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Pregnancy in Diabetics / complications
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Signal Transduction
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Teratogens / pharmacology
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Teratogens / toxicity
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Trans-Activators / genetics
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Trans-Activators / physiology
Substances
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Hedgehog Proteins
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SHH protein, human
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Teratogens
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Trans-Activators
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Cholesterol