We assigned 49 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder to 1 of 3 groups: 21 patients (group 1) received cyclophosphamide alone, 10 patients (group 2) received adriamycin alone and 18 patients (group 3) received cyclophosphamide and adriamycin. The objective responses were 52.3 per cent in group 1, 10 per cent in group 2 and 50 per cent in group 3. These results suggest a significant activity of the drugs (especially in groups 1 and 3) tested in bladder cancer.