Background: Dementia is one of the most common conditions in the elderly. In Norway the total prevalence is about 60,000.
Material and methods: The paper is based on the author's clinical experience and a review of the literature.
Results: No biological marker exists for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. The diagnostic work-up thus consists of a comprehensive clinical neuropsychological, physical and psychiatric examination. Imaging of the brain could be useful in the differential diagnostic work-up. In mild cases and cases of suspected dementia, the work-up is carried out in specialist health care. Moderate and severe cases are assessed on primary care. There is currently no cure for dementia disorders, although acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may prove effective for Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body dementia. Behavioural and psychiatric symptoms can be pharmacologically treated.
Interpretation: A careful diagnostic work-up must be carried out to diagnose dementia. Symptomatic treatment is available and should be initiated.