Rehabilitation of swallowing by exercise in tube-fed patients with pharyngeal dysphagia secondary to abnormal UES opening

Abstract

Background & aims: We evaluated the effect of a novel rehabilitative exercise on restoration of deglutition in a group of patients with deglutitive failure caused by abnormal upper esophageal sphincter (UES) opening manifested by postswallow residue and aspiration necessitating percutaneous tube feeding.

Methods: We studied a total of 27 patients by videofluoroscopy and functional assessment of swallowing scores before and after 6 weeks of a head-raising exercise program. Seven of 27 patients, assigned randomly, participated in a sham exercise before entering the tested exercise program. Eleven of 27 were randomized to the real exercise program.

Results: Although there was no change in swallow function and biomechanics after the sham exercise, following 6 weeks of real exercise, all 11 patients exhibited a significant improvement in their UES opening, anterior laryngeal excursion (P < 0.01), as well as resolution of postdeglutitive aspiration and were able to resume oral feeding. Similar results were found when the 7 patients in the sham group were crossed over to the real exercise group. Comparison of before and after exercise values for anteroposterior UES opening (P < 0.01) and laryngeal anterior excursion (P < 0.05), as well as functional outcome assessment of swallowing (P < 0.05) in the entire group of 27 patients also showed significant improvement. Etiology and duration of dysphagia did not affect the outcome.

Conclusions: The proposed suprahyoid muscle strengthening exercise program is effective in restoring oral feeding in some patients with deglutitive failure because of abnormal UES opening.