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Review
. 2002;14 Suppl(Suppl):S15-45.
doi: 10.1105/tpc.010441.

Abscisic acid signaling in seeds and seedlings

Ruth R Finkelstein  1 , Srinivas S L Gampala, Christopher D Rock
Affiliations
Review

Abscisic acid signaling in seeds and seedlings

Ruth R Finkelstein et al. Plant Cell. 2002.
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Domain Structure of B3 and bZIP Domain Transcription Factors Affecting ABA Response. Percentages shown beneath the conserved domains in B3 domain family proteins indicate the range of similarity to maize VP1 among orthologs from Arabidopsis, rice, oat, carrot, bean, resurrection plant, and poplar and with the related FUS3 protein. Comparisons among the bZIP domain family represent percentage of similarity to ABI5 within the conserved domains among homologous genes in Arabidopsis, sunflower, and rice. The EmBP-1 protein used for comparison was from wheat.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Scheme of Signaling Pathways in Seed Development. Arrows represent promotion of processes or expression of the regulators. Bars represent inhibitors of the indicated processes. The positions of loci do not imply the order of gene action.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Regulation of ABA-Responsive Promoter Activity in a Rice Embryonic Protoplast Transient Expression System. (A) Fold effect of transiently expressed bZIP transcription factors on the ABA activation of the wheat Em promoter. Rice protoplasts were transformed with Em-GUS and/or the effector construct 35S-EmBP1, Ubi-ABI5, Ubi-ABF1, Ubi-ABF3, or 35S-VP1 and treated with or without 100 μM ABA for 16 hr. Fold activation of Em-GUS was calculated relative to control (no ABA, no effector) and normalized to the non-ABA-inducible Ubi-LUC reporter, which was cotransformed as an internal control. Asterisks indicate values that are significantly different from the control (P < 0.002; two-sided Student's t test, equal variance assumed). Daggers indicate that treatments with effectors resulted in a significant difference in Em-GUS activity from ABA treatment alone (P < 0.007; two-sided Student's t test, equal variance assumed). “Dummy” DNA was transformed along with Em-GUS to balance the total amount of input plasmid DNA between various treatments. Comparisons were done between paired samples from parallel experiments and plotted to obtain the meta-analysis. Error bars represent ±sem, with three or four replicates per sample. (B) ABI5 interacts synergistically with ABA and VP1 to transactivate the wheat Em promoter. Protoplasts were transformed with either Em-GUS alone or in combination with Ubi-ABI5 and/or 35S-VP1 constructs. Numbers in parentheses indicate average fold activation compared with ABA induction alone. Asterisks indicate values that are significantly different from the control (P < 0.003; two-sided paired Student's t test). The dagger indicates that ABI5/VP1 synergy is significantly different from activation by any of the effectors alone (P < 1 × 10−7; two-sided paired Student's t test). Error bars represent ±sem, with three replicates per sample. (Figure modified from Gampala et al. [2002]; reprinted with permission.) (C) 1-Butanol (1-But) antagonizes to the same extent the ABA induction of Em-GUS and ABI5 and VP1 synergy with ABA. Experimental treatments and fold induction calculations were as described in (A). Numbers in parentheses indicate the relative percentage inhibition of Em-GUS expression compared with control samples (no 1-butanol added). Asterisks indicate that ABI5 and VP1 synergy with ABA is significantly different from ABA activation alone (P < 0.01; two-sided Student's t test, equal variance assumed). Daggers indicate significant difference from the no butanol treatment (P < 0.008; two-sided Student's t test, equal variance assumed). Values are averages (±sem) of three replicate transformations. In (A) to (C), the y axis indicates fold induction in Em-GUS activity per unit of Ubi-LUC.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Scheme of Signaling Pathways That Interact with the ABA Regulation of Germination. Arrows represent promotion of processes or expression of the regulators. Bars represent inhibitors of the indicated processes. The positions of loci do not imply the order of gene action.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Sensitivity of Seedlings of Wild-Type, abi, and ABI Overexpression Lines to Glc. (A) Growth and anthocyanin accumulation in seedlings exposed to Glc. Seed of the indicated genotypes were incubated on minimal mineral salt media supplemented with 0, 4, or 6% Glc for 7 days before scoring individuals with either expanded true leaves or pink cotyledons caused by anthocyanin accumulation. The low percentages of either characteristic observed for the ABI overexpression lines on all media, and even for the wild-type lines on high Glc, reflect the inhibition of both germination and seedling growth. (B) Seedlings of the indicated genotypes after 7 days of growth on 4% Glc. The 35S::ABI3 line is isolate C7A19, described by Parcy et al. (1994); the 35S::ABI4 line is isolate 114, described by Söderman et al. (2000); the 35S::ABI5 transgene contains an ABI5 cDNA, extending 23 bp 5′ to the initiating codon, fused downstream of the 35S promoter of Cauliflower mosaic virus in pGA643 (T. Lynch and R.R. Finkelstein, unpublished data). Col, Columbia; Ws, Wassilewskija.
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