Laparoscopic fundoplication represents the most widely used operation in the surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Besides being operator-dependent, the clinical outcome (efficacy and side-effects) seems also to be dependent on the specific surgical technique. In this prospective trial we compared the results of two groups of patients who were submitted sequentially to the Rossetti or Nissen fundoplication procedure. Dysphagia, other side effects, and clinical outcome were evaluated early after surgery and at 6 and 12 months after the operation. Although both procedures were clinically effective, there was a significant trend toward less postoperative dysphagia in the Nissen group. In these patients the incidence of early dysphagia was significantly lower than that observed in those submitted to the Rossetti fundoplication. In addition, Nissen patients experienced a significantly smaller number of days with dysphagia. One year after surgery, however, the two procedures proved equally successful without any significant difference in dysphagia incidence. Complete fundic mobilization should therefore be advised to reduce the incidence of early troublesome dysphagia.