Objectives: Urologists make a decision on whether to indicate staging procedures for primary lesions of bladder cancer by findings of cystoscopy. However, cystoscopic findings for prediction of muscle-invasive bladder cancer have not been fully evaluated.
Methods: Two hundred seventy consecutive events of 165 patients with bladder cancer were included in this study. Multivariate analysis by a logistic regression model was applied to analyze cystoscopic findings for prediction of muscle invasion of bladder cancer.
Results: Logistic regression analysis revealed that the size, stalk and configuration of the cancer were independent and significant factors that predict muscle invasion of bladder cancer.
Conclusions: Cystoscopic findings of bladder cancer may predict muscle invasion. When invasion is suggested by cystoscopy, imaging studies may be necessary before TUR of the cancer as well as deep resection of it.