The involvement of nitric oxide in the analgesic effects of ketamine

Life Sci. 2002 Jul 5;71(7):841-53. doi: 10.1016/s0024-3205(02)01765-4.

Abstract

We investigated the contribution of NO-cyclic GMP (cGMP) pathway to the antinociceptive effects of ketamine in mice by using the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, nitro(g)- L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Intraperitoneal (i.p.) (1, 5 or 10 mg/kg) or intrathecal (i.th.) (10, 30 or 60 microg/mouse) administration of ketamine produced dose-dependent antinociceptive effects in the acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin tests but not in the tail-flick nor in hot-plate tests. Pretreatment of mice with L-NAME (10 mg/kg, i.p.) which produced no antinociception on its own, significantly inhibited the antinociceptive effect of ketamine (1, 5 or 10 mg/kg, i.p.). However, L-NAME (30 microg/mouse) was given intrathecally, it neither modified the antinociceptive effect of i.th. ketamine (10, 30 or 60 microg/mouse) nor did it produce an antinociceptive effect alone. These data suggest that the activation of the NO-cGMP pathway probably at the supraspinal level, but not spinal level, contributes to the antinociceptive effects of ketamine.

MeSH terms

  • Acetic Acid
  • Anesthetics, Dissociative / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Anesthetics, Dissociative / pharmacology*
  • Animals
  • Cyclic GMP / physiology
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Formaldehyde
  • Hot Temperature
  • Ketamine / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Ketamine / pharmacology*
  • Male
  • Mice
  • NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / pharmacology
  • Nitric Oxide / physiology*
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Pain Measurement / drug effects
  • Postural Balance / drug effects
  • Psychomotor Performance / drug effects

Substances

  • Anesthetics, Dissociative
  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Formaldehyde
  • Nitric Oxide
  • Ketamine
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase
  • Cyclic GMP
  • Acetic Acid
  • NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester