The lead burdens for children and mothers exposed to lead-contaminated soils and dusts have been investigated in a rural district with minimal atmospheric pollution. A significant relationship was observed between the lead content of blood and hair of children exposed to soils of mean lead content in the range 420-13,969 p.p.m. The blood lead concentration of children was consistently greater than that of their mothers. No consistent relationship was found between blood lead values and pica for soil. In this situation, lead in soil provided a small additional burden for children but in itself was insufficient to constitute a hazard.