Declining HIV-1 incidence and associated prevalence over 10 years in a rural population in south-west Uganda: a cohort study

Lancet. 2002 Jul 6;360(9326):41-6. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(02)09331-5.

Abstract

Background: In Uganda, there have been encouraging reports of reductions in HIV-1 prevalence but not in incidence, which is the most reliable measure of epidemic trends. We describe HIV-1 incidence and prevalence trends in a rural population-based cohort between 1989 and 1999.

Methods: We surveyed the adult population of 15 neighbouring villages for HIV-1 infection using annual censuses, questionnaires, and serological surveys. We report crude annual incidence rates by calendar year and prevalence by survey round.

Findings: 6566 HIV-1 seronegative adults were bled two or more times between January, 1990, and December, 1999, contributing 31984 person years at risk (PYAR) and 190 seroconversions. HIV-1 incidence fell from 8.0 to 5.2 per 1000 PYAR between 1990 and 1999 (p=0.002, chi(2) for trend). Significant sex-specific and age-group-specific reductions in incidence were evident. Incidence was 37% lower for 1995-99 than for 1990-94 (p=0.002, t-test). On average, 4642 adult residents had a definite HIV-1 serostatus at each yearly survey round. HIV-1 prevalence fell significantly between the first and tenth annual survey rounds (p=0.03, chi(2) for trend), especially among men aged 20-24 years (6.5% to 2.2%) and 25-29 years (15.2% to 10.9%) and women aged 13-19 years (2.8% to 0.9%) and 20-24 years (19.3% to 10.1%) (all p<0.001, chi(2) for trend).

Interpretation: Our findings of a significant drop in adult HIV-1 incidence in rural Ugandans give hope to AIDS control programmes elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa where rates of HIV-1 infection remain high.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Age Distribution
  • Cohort Studies
  • Female
  • HIV Infections / epidemiology*
  • HIV-1*
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Prevalence
  • Rural Health* / trends*
  • Sex Distribution
  • Uganda / epidemiology