The purpose of this report is to systematically review the relevant major studies published between 1970 and 2000 related to the use of implants for orthodontic anchorage. Analysis of the literature is divided into specific topics: materials, size and shape of fixtures, biomechanics, healing and loading times, forces used, surgery, and criteria for success. Two subjects previously given little consideration in the discussion of implants-the psychological aspects of the doctor-patient relationship and the medical-legal implications of implantology for orthodontic purposes-are briefly addressed.