Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-associated dementia is a severe neurological complication of HIV-1 infection that affects 15-20% of the patients in the late stages of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. HIV-1-associated dementia is most probably a consequence of HIV-1 infection of the brain rather than of an opportunistic pathogen. The exact mechanism by which the virus causes this disorder, however, is not completely understood. A number of HIV-1 proteins have been shown to be released from HIV-1-infected cells and/or to be present in the extracellular milieu in the HIV-1-infected brain. Moreover, these proteins have been shown to possess neurotoxic and/or neuromodulatory features in vitro. This review describes the possible direct interactions of the HIV-1 proteins gp120, gp41, vpr, tat, rev, vpu and nef with neurons, which might play a role in the development of HIV-1-associated dementia in vivo.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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AIDS Dementia Complex / virology*
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Gene Products, nef / metabolism
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Gene Products, rev / metabolism
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Gene Products, tat / metabolism
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Gene Products, vpr / metabolism
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HIV Antigens / metabolism*
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HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / metabolism
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HIV Envelope Protein gp41 / metabolism
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HIV-1 / physiology*
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins
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Humans
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Neurons / virology*
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Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins / metabolism
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nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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rev Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Substances
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Gene Products, nef
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Gene Products, rev
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Gene Products, tat
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Gene Products, vpr
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HIV Antigens
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HIV Envelope Protein gp120
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HIV Envelope Protein gp41
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins
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Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins
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nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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rev Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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vpu protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1