Banding ligation versus nadolol and isosorbide mononitrate for the prevention of esophageal variceal rebleeding

Gastroenterology. 2002 Sep;123(3):728-34. doi: 10.1053/gast.2002.35351.

Abstract

Background & aims: beta-blockers and banding ligation are effective in the prevention of variceal rebleeding. However, the relative efficacy and safety remains unresolved.

Methods: One hundred twenty-one patients with a history of esophageal variceal bleeding were enrolled. Patients were randomized to undergo regular endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL group, 60 patients) until variceal obliteration, or drug therapy by using nadolol plus isosorbide mononitrate (N+I group, 61 patients) during the study period to prevent rebleeding.

Results: After a median follow-up period of 25 months, recurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding developed in 23 patients in the EVL group and 35 patients in the N+I group (P = 0.10). Recurrent bleeding from esophageal varices occurred in 12 patients (20%) in the EVL group and 26 patients (42%) in the N+I group (relative risk = 0.45; 95% confidence interval, 0.24-0.85). The actuarial probability of rebleeding from esophageal varices was lower in the EVL group (P = 0.01). The multivariate Cox analysis indicated that the treatment was the only factor predictive of rebleeding. Treatment failure occurred in 8 patients (13%) in the EVL group and 17 patients (28%) in the N+I group (P = 0.01). Fifteen patients in the EVL group and 8 patients of the N+I group died (P = 0.06). Complications occurred in 17% of the EVL group and in 19% of the N+I group (P = 0.6).

Conclusions: Our trial showed that ligation was more effective than nadolol plus isosorbide-5-mononitrate in the prevention of variceal rebleeding, with similar complications in both treatment modalities. However, there is no significant difference in the survival rate between the 2 groups.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial
  • Comparative Study
  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Antihypertensive Agents / adverse effects
  • Antihypertensive Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Drug Therapy, Combination
  • Esophageal and Gastric Varices / therapy*
  • Female
  • Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / mortality
  • Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / prevention & control*
  • Humans
  • Isosorbide Dinitrate / adverse effects
  • Isosorbide Dinitrate / analogs & derivatives
  • Isosorbide Dinitrate / therapeutic use*
  • Ligation / adverse effects
  • Ligation / methods*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Nadolol / adverse effects
  • Nadolol / therapeutic use*
  • Secondary Prevention
  • Treatment Failure
  • Vasodilator Agents / adverse effects
  • Vasodilator Agents / therapeutic use*

Substances

  • Antihypertensive Agents
  • Vasodilator Agents
  • Nadolol
  • Isosorbide Dinitrate
  • isosorbide-5-mononitrate