PIP: The World Health Organization EPIMODEL computer program has projected that in 1993, there will be 41,023 cumulative cases of AIDS and 642,897 cumulative HIV infections among Nigerian adults. 1.2% of pregnant Nigerian women are reported to be HIV seropositive, 20-30% of whom can be expected to transmit HIV to their offspring. There are therefore many cases of pediatric HIV infection and AIDS in Nigeria. Infants and children can also be infected with HIV through the receipt of HIV-contaminated blood or blood products during transfusion, the use of unsterilized syringes and needles, and the use of contaminated instruments by traditional healers for circumcision, scarification, and tattoos. Vertical transmission, however, is the mode through which pediatric AIDS is most commonly spread. Preventive measures should therefore be directed toward promoting HIV risk reduction behaviors. Diagnosing AIDS and securing the laboratory confirmation of HIV infection are problematic in poor tropical countries like Nigeria. HIV-infected infants of unimpaired immunological status should be immunized with measles, injectable diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis, and inactivated polio virus vaccines. However, measles vaccine must not be given to an already immunocompromised patient. Likewise, BCG vaccination and oral live poliovaccine should not be given to HIV-infected children.