PIP: The World Health Report 1999 presents a summary of the accomplishments and challenges in world health and underscores their implications in the 21st century. A remarkable progress in health conditions was recognized during this century, as exemplified by the increase in life expectancy in high-income countries. Most of the world's low- and middle-income countries have also experienced improvements in the quality of life and contributed to economic growth. On the other hand, the world's poor populations continue to suffer from the burden of disease and malnutrition. The reduction of this inequality is considered a priority in international health, together with enhancement of growth and decreasing poverty. Provided that global leadership and advocacy for health are applied in the formula for progress, the achievement of these goals is feasible. However, there are certain challenges ahead which need to be overcome, such as the burden of excess mortality and morbidity; countering potential threats to health; development of a more effective health system; and the need to invest in expanding the knowledge base.